| Назва: | Модель покрокового навчання писемного мовлення за психолінгвістичною |
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Як вже зазначалось, деякі методисти /Девід Б. Елліс та iн./ пропонують для звуження теми твору використовувати карт¬ки, на яких мовець фіксує ідеї, акумульовані на даному етапі роботи. За допомогою таких же карток він відбирає основну ідею твору i складає план. Ми вважаємо це неекономною витратою навчального часу. Проте при виконанні письмового завдання в домашніх умовах такий прийом може бути індивіду¬ально ефективним і тому з ним спід знайомити студентів.
Для формування у студентів навичок звуження теми твору та виявлення характеру комбінування КМФ, адекватного до специфіки навчального завдання та комунікативного наміру студента, можна застосовувати, наприклад, такі завдання, що подаються у комплексі з попередніми, вказаними вище:
6.Each of the topics is too broad so you should decide with which purpose and object in your personal opinion your topic goes best. Sometimes there can be more than one purpose (and more than one object). In this case one of them is main and the other is additional. If you choose a combination of purposes (and objects) typical for reasoning forms and other speech types (e.g. RD+N) reasoning is often the main one as it is more expressive and powerful.
For example, topic ‘Marriage’ can include such main purpose: to clear up the question whether creating a family is egually important for men and women and to make conclusions; the object here is the question concerned (RD). As you see, this time the purpose has been formulated not in an abstract way, but with a definite idea. This purpose (main) can be combined, for example, with an additional purpose ‘to retell some events from the past to illustrate the conclusions’, and the object - some events which happened to you or people you know in the past (N). So the speech type combination is RD+N.
7.Write down the topic, and an idea(s) to formulate the purpose(s) and object(s) you have chosen.
• topic:
• purpose(s):
• object(s):
8.Due to the purpose(s) and object(s) defined, decide what speech type (according to the main purpose) you are going to use (see Table 2) and write it above together with your purpose(s) and object(s).
З метою полегшення цього етапу навчального процесу студентам можна запропонувати таблицю 3: Варіанти комбінування композиційно-мовленнєвих форм в залежності від поеднання тих чи інших комунікативних цілей (Possible Variants of Purpose/ Speech Type Combinations),
Table 3
Possible Variants of Purpose/ Speech Type Combinations
Purpose
(main)
Purpose
(add.) To describe
a subject/
subjects To describe
a process/
processes To retell
about past
events To solve a problem by proving/ disproving ideas To solve a problem by working out new ideas
To describe
a subject/
subjects SD PD
+
SD N
+
SD RA
+
SD RD
+
SD
To describe
a process/
processes SD
+
PD PD N
+
PD RA
+
PD RD
+
PD
To retell
about past
events SD
+
N PD
+
N N RA
+
N RD
+
N
To solve a problem by proving/ disproving ideas SD
+
RA PD
+
RA N
+
RA RA RD
+
RA
To solve a problem by working out new ideas SD
+
RD PD
+
RD N
+
RD RA
+
RD RD
Таблиця 3 може подаватись у супроводі пояснень та, наприклад, таких завдання, спрямованих на затренування цього та попереднього кроків:
9.Review the Table 3. There are 20 variants of the speech types combinations which exist and 5 pure speech types. The abbreviations have already been interpreted.
RA+N, for example, means that you intend to prove an idea/ ideas using some elements of narration as examples, arguments, etc. RA, in this case, is the main speech type and N is an additional one.
It is often preferable in creative writing to combine speech types as this way you have greater possibilities to express yourself and to consider your topic in full measure.
The topic you have chosen, can be considered in many different ways, on the basis of different purposes and objects, due to the result you intend to get. Sometimes it is very useful to try different purposes for a topic to realize how to deal with the task best, which speech types to combine.
10.Let’s play with the topics you have chosen. First, reread your ideas for purpose(s) and object(s), think of some information which can go into the text. Now decide how your topic, purpose and object can be formulated if you choose other speech types. For example, going back to the topic ‘Marriage’, which some of you might have chosen, we can take following main purpose/ object pairs and consequently speech types:
Topic ‘Marriage’
• PD (describing stages of a process).
Purpose: to give some directions to a young couple describing the way the wedding ceremony should be held, as if you are a registry office instructor.
Object: the parts of wedding ceremony.
• SD (describing a person, a place, a scene, a landscape, etc.)
Для формування у студентів навичок звуження теми твору та виявлення характеру комбінування КМФ, адекватного до специфіки навчального завдання та комунікативного наміру студента, можна застосовувати, наприклад, такі завдання, що подаються у комплексі з попередніми, вказаними вище:
6.Each of the topics is too broad so you should decide with which purpose and object in your personal opinion your topic goes best. Sometimes there can be more than one purpose (and more than one object). In this case one of them is main and the other is additional. If you choose a combination of purposes (and objects) typical for reasoning forms and other speech types (e.g. RD+N) reasoning is often the main one as it is more expressive and powerful.
For example, topic ‘Marriage’ can include such main purpose: to clear up the question whether creating a family is egually important for men and women and to make conclusions; the object here is the question concerned (RD). As you see, this time the purpose has been formulated not in an abstract way, but with a definite idea. This purpose (main) can be combined, for example, with an additional purpose ‘to retell some events from the past to illustrate the conclusions’, and the object - some events which happened to you or people you know in the past (N). So the speech type combination is RD+N.
7.Write down the topic, and an idea(s) to formulate the purpose(s) and object(s) you have chosen.
• topic:
• purpose(s):
• object(s):
8.Due to the purpose(s) and object(s) defined, decide what speech type (according to the main purpose) you are going to use (see Table 2) and write it above together with your purpose(s) and object(s).
З метою полегшення цього етапу навчального процесу студентам можна запропонувати таблицю 3: Варіанти комбінування композиційно-мовленнєвих форм в залежності від поеднання тих чи інших комунікативних цілей (Possible Variants of Purpose/ Speech Type Combinations),
Table 3
Possible Variants of Purpose/ Speech Type Combinations
Purpose
(main)
Purpose
(add.) To describe
a subject/
subjects To describe
a process/
processes To retell
about past
events To solve a problem by proving/ disproving ideas To solve a problem by working out new ideas
To describe
a subject/
subjects SD PD
+
SD N
+
SD RA
+
SD RD
+
SD
To describe
a process/
processes SD
+
PD PD N
+
PD RA
+
PD RD
+
PD
To retell
about past
events SD
+
N PD
+
N N RA
+
N RD
+
N
To solve a problem by proving/ disproving ideas SD
+
RA PD
+
RA N
+
RA RA RD
+
RA
To solve a problem by working out new ideas SD
+
RD PD
+
RD N
+
RD RA
+
RD RD
Таблиця 3 може подаватись у супроводі пояснень та, наприклад, таких завдання, спрямованих на затренування цього та попереднього кроків:
9.Review the Table 3. There are 20 variants of the speech types combinations which exist and 5 pure speech types. The abbreviations have already been interpreted.
RA+N, for example, means that you intend to prove an idea/ ideas using some elements of narration as examples, arguments, etc. RA, in this case, is the main speech type and N is an additional one.
It is often preferable in creative writing to combine speech types as this way you have greater possibilities to express yourself and to consider your topic in full measure.
The topic you have chosen, can be considered in many different ways, on the basis of different purposes and objects, due to the result you intend to get. Sometimes it is very useful to try different purposes for a topic to realize how to deal with the task best, which speech types to combine.
10.Let’s play with the topics you have chosen. First, reread your ideas for purpose(s) and object(s), think of some information which can go into the text. Now decide how your topic, purpose and object can be formulated if you choose other speech types. For example, going back to the topic ‘Marriage’, which some of you might have chosen, we can take following main purpose/ object pairs and consequently speech types:
Topic ‘Marriage’
• PD (describing stages of a process).
Purpose: to give some directions to a young couple describing the way the wedding ceremony should be held, as if you are a registry office instructor.
Object: the parts of wedding ceremony.
• SD (describing a person, a place, a scene, a landscape, etc.)
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